About the Blogger

In 1992 and at the tender age of 39, I noticed a slight tremor as I raised a glass to my lips. A false diagnosis of essential tremor followed and brought the comfort of ignorance. In late 1999 and following a bout of influenza, it became obvious that something more was at work.

A visit to a neurologist, ten minutes of observation, and I was told “Parkinson’s” and given drug samples and a video about the wonders of Requip and sent home. Thus began my self-education  on the subject and it has never stopped. Always at home in a library, I delved deeper and deeper as the months passed. Increasingly fascinated with the wonders of the brain and appalled at the ignorance surrounding PD, I was and remain determined to understand this puzzle.

Eventually, via the Internet, I met another PWP on a similar quest named Anne Frobert. A French surgeon, she had herself gone deeply into the subject and shared my dismay at how little had been learned of PD in the two centuries since its initial description. By means of the Net, we undertook a three year collaboration with the result being a broad view of PD of which I write. My goal is simple – to encourage the idea that there is far more to the disorder than normally thought in hopes of influencing the course of research into a more profitable direction.

Potential Therapeutics for Parkinson’s Disease

Disclaimer: This information is compiled to aid researchers in the selection of avenues of research and is not intended to be used by the patient for self medication. If you are tempted to try anything herein, discuss it with your doctor as it pertains to your individual situation.

When we discuss “therapeutics” we are actually speaking of three unique areas-
1) Preventives protect neurons from further damage.
2) Functionals maximize the abilities to cope with the existing damage.
3) Restoratives encourage repair and regrowth.

For our purposes we will focus primarily upon botanicals and nutritional supplements for several reasons-
1) They hold great promise.
2) Many of them lack the incentive of profit and are often neglected.
3) They are numerous.
4) They are (relatively) safe.

As mentioned, “preventatives” seek to block further damage and stabilize. They are neuroprotective – but against what? We seek to answer that question by identifying the destructive processes themselves and searching for ways of thwarting them. We believe that those processes can be grouped as follows:

1) Oxidation
2) Excitotoicity
3) Mitochondrial Failure
4) Inflammation and Microglia
5) Stress and the HPA
6) Autoimmunity
7) Alpha-Synuclein
8)  Neuro-melanin

Functionals reduce or eliminate symptoms or otherwise increase the ability to deal with the disease.

Restoratives offer the promise of healing by means of neurogenesis, the production of neurotrophic factors, stimulation of formation of new connections, and things yet unknown.

The items listed here offer hope in one or more of these areas. They must also show at least no obvious dangers, but be aware that we are not capable of nor qualified to take an authoritative position on that. Hidden dangers are always possible.

Wholistic Medicine – Essential for Understanding Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease poses a formidable challenge to Science. It won’t “play nice” and sit quietly in the chair assigned to it by Modern Medicine. Like a youngster with a belly full of junk food, it not only won’t stay in its seat, it wanders around testing the seats of others.

PD simply will not accept a role that limits it to the Central Nervous System. It wants to sit with the Immune System and dip the pigtails of the cute Endocrine System into the ink well.  PD will not “do right.”

The problem is not with the disease, however, but with the somewhat arbitrary divisions drawn around the scientific turf.  If we are going to understand PD then we must look at the whole.

Systems Involved in Parkinson’s Disease

Systems Involved in PD

There is a widespread misconception that PD is a neurological disorder. It is, in fact, true but only in the sense that a cancer that finds its way to the brain from the intestines is a neurological disorder. The reality is that PD is a disease affecting and being affected by multiple systems and the CNS is just one. This failure to recognize the reality of  PD has a negative impact on our individual care as well as research as a whole.

If we step back and take a look, we find the following at a minimum:

Immune System: Numerous researchers over the last decade have found a major role for inflammation and the activation of the microglial cells within the brain.

Endocrine System: The medical community is beginning to acknowledge what the patient has long known, namely that stress plays a major role. What is only faintly glimpsed is the depth of its role.

Gastroenteric System: Constipation and inflammation-induced leakage of the protective barriers introduce a host of toxins into the equation.

Central Nervous System: Even this traditional “seat of the matter” is but a part of the picture.

“Secondary” Systems: Various sub-sections of the above.

An Outline of Parkinson’s Disease

Systems Involved in PD

Immune System
Endocrine System
Gastroenteric System
Central Nervous System
“Secondary” Systems

Elements of Progression of PD

Predisposing Factors
Initiating Triggers
Ongoing Processes

Oxidation
Excitotoicity
Mitochondrial Failure
Inflammation and Microglia
Stress and the HPA
Autoimmunity

Interactive Systems and Neuroactive Messengers

Neurotransmitters, Hormones, and Cytokines

Time Periods Related to PD

Preconception
Prenatal
Prepuberty
Puberty
Young Adult
Mid-Life
Senior


Environmental Factors and PD

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Pathogens
Ultrafine Particulates
Toxins
Epigenetics

Internal Factors and PD

Alpha-Synuclein
Blood Brain Barrier
Circadian Rhythms
Constipation
Electrolytes and Ion Channels
Genetics
Metabolic Factors and Nutrition

Treatment, Repair, and Cure

Therapeutics
Neurogenesis
Symptoms

Miscellany

Historical View of PD
Homeostasis
Related Disorders
Rhythmic Disruption

A Brief Overview of Parkinson’s Disease

First, a bit of cold, hard truth – despite 200 years of trying, we know darned little about Parkinson’s Disease (PD). And despite a steady flow of optimistic press releases about miracles that are almost always five years away, the situation isn’t changing much. Modern medicine knows neither cause, course, nor cure for PD.

But modern medicine is not the same thing as modern science and science, in the form of accumulated research, knows a great deal about PD – maybe just enough. A mountain of data has accumulated over the last fifty years and most of it has been filed away awaiting another researcher. It certainly has not found its way to the office of the local neurologist as any person with Parkinson’s (PWP) who is paying attention can tell you.

And PWP are paying attention and even figuring out things on their own. The Net has allowed them to communicate with one another and given them access to that mountain of data. They are taking advantage of that to sift through the dusty attic of science and they are learning things that have been forgotten or ignored. Things that challenge the way that things are done and how money is spent. Things that point up the gaping holes in the official view of PD as a mix of genes and environment that just needs the right pill to be cured.

Some of those things include_
1. One can give a rat PD by giving him influenza.
2. One can give a rat PD by exposing him as a fetus to bacterial infection.
3. An adult human can develop Parkinson’s – like symptoms from exposure to certain bacterial toxins.
4. These all create an ongoing immune response by the microglia in the brain.
5. This response, once established, is persistent and has many triggers.
6. Pollutants, toxins, and chronic stress are just a few of those triggers.
7. The ongoing immune response itself triggers a parallel stress response from the endocrine system.
8. The immune response utilizes chemical cytokines. The stress response on the part of the endocrine system utilizes chemical hormones. Both are neuroactive and affect mental function and account for many of the non-motor aspects of PD.
9. Chronic exposure to either of these chemicals can be destructive to the nervous system.
10. One area where this destruction is particularly evident is the substantia nigra. This seems to be the source of the motor symptoms that go with PD.
11. Finally, a slowed GI system can result from the endocrine and immune responses. The general inflammatory state increases the permeability of the protective barriers and result in “leaky gut” which can not only add to the toxins in the system but can also result in autoimmune problems.
12. The same inflammation can weaken the blood brain barrier as well and allow toxins to cross into the brain itself.

These points, all of which are supported by research, define a process that begins with the immune system and then draws in the endocrine and GI systems and ultimately afflicting the CNS. This is just the beginning and simply serves to illustrate that there is much to be added to the picture. That is our goal, in a sense – to put as many pieces of the puzzle on the table as possible in hopes that the solution will emerge.

About the Site’s Organization

Seeing no need to “reinvent the wheel”, we have adopted the time-tested organizational structure of the venerable book. Beginning with a Preface for the discussion of the most basic issues regarding site structure and philosophy, we then move to an Introduction to Parkinson’s Disease and related subjects. From there we delve into deeper and more speculative material in the Contents. Finally, there is the fertile catch-all of the Appendix.

About the Viewpoints of this Site


We make no bones about it – we have a view of Parkinson’s Disease that has evolved as we have immersed ourselves in the data and that view is shamelessly promoted. How could it be otherwise? On the other hand, the picture is dynamic and continuously growing and shifting as more is learned. We do not feign impartiality nor academic detachment, and, yet, everything is open to discussion. Show us where we are wrong.

About Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease has long been thought of as a “simple” neurological disorder resulting from a genetic flaw encountering an environmental misfortune normally afflicting the old. Even today it is far too common for the patient to be told that he is too young to have PD.  If nothing else is accomplished here, allow us to at least put this bit of ignorance to rest.

Parkinson’s Disease is a complex collection of at least two similar but distinct syndromes with one striking the aged (Senior Onset) and the other the young (Young Onset). The latter, being by far the more complex, enfolds SOPD and so our discussion is in terms of YOPD. But, as we shall see, even this is an over-simplification.

The current state of knowledge of Parkinson’s Disease is a jumbled mess spilling across several scientific disciplines. This Site is an attempt to bring some order to the chaotic collection of data that has accumulated in the archives over the last fifty years. As one “connects the dots” a picture does, indeed, emerge. It is of Parkinson’s Disease as a multi-factoral entity arising from a set of conditions drawn from a larger set of possibilities. These reach a level that triggers a more or less individualized set of degenerative processes that eventually lead to what we know as PD.

A useful tool to help comprehend this is the simple menu of a cafeteria-style restaurant.  Each item has a price and each customer has a unique sum of money in his pocket. Some items have a cost of a dollar, some two. Some patrons have ten dollars in their pocket, some twenty. When the cost of the items on their tray exceeds the funds in their pocket the result is Parkinson’s Disease.

This view of PD allows for the confusing observations of a disorder different in each individual and yet so similar. This is important because, if there is no one cause, we may be wasting precious time and resources in the search for one cure. Fortunately, if there are multiple “causes” converging to produce the disorder, it may be possible to disrupt the individual processes and halt or roll back the disease.